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US-Iran war as it happened: Iran’s longest-range attack yet targets US-UK base as nuclear site hit again; Israel warns of a ‘significant’ surge in attacks

Ellen Connolly, Jessica McSweeney and Adam Carey
Updated ,first published
Pinned post from 6.23pm on Mar 22, 2026
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The latest developments in Middle East conflict

By Adam Carey

Good evening. Thank you for following our continuing coverage of the Middle East conflict.

You can follow along to tomorrow’s live coverage here.

Here’s a summary of today’s developments.

  • US President Donald Trump threatened to “obliterate” Iranian power plants unless the Strait of Hormuz is reopened, giving the regime a 48-hour deadline.
  • Australian Energy Minister Chris Bowen said there will be “bumps in supply” of fuel into the country, but said there were no grounds to invoke emergency powers to ration fuel.
  • More than 100 people were injured in an Iranian missile attack on the southern Israeli cities of Arad and Dimona, near an Israeli nuclear facility. Israel is investigating the failure of its air defence system.
  • Israel warned that Iran’s missiles have the capability to reach Europe, following the Iranian regime’s failed attack on a joint UK-US air base on the island of Diego Garcia, 4000 kms from Iran.
  • Disruptions to the supply of fertiliser are forecast to push up global food costs as cornerstone products such as soybeans are affected by the blockade of the Strait of Hormuz.

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US and Israel appear to be pursuing separate strategic agendas

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It is increasingly apparent that the US and Israel are pursuing different strategic agendas in their war against Iran, Middle East analyst Rodger Shanahan writes.

Outside the coalition of two, there is little support for the war. Washington’s traditional allies have found it difficult to provide other than rhetorical support, and this is rather lukewarm.

Even among Americans, polls show that while Trump’s support base endorses the war, most Americans don’t.

This opposition is not only because of the way Trump failed to prepare the political ground for a decision that is the most important that any president can make, but also because of a feeling that Washington and Tel Aviv are pursuing mostly overlapping, but not necessarily common objectives.

Read more of Shanahan’s analysis here.

Indian PM makes urgent plea on keeping shipping lanes open

By Adam Carey

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has stressed the importance of keeping shipping lanes open and secure in a call with Iran’s President, Ahmad Masoud Pezeshkian.

Modi also condemned attacks on critical infrastructure in the region, which are threatening regional stability and disrupting global supply chains. The Indian prime minister said he “reiterated the importance of safeguarding freedom of navigation and ensuring that shipping lanes remain open and secure”, according to a statement on X.

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India relies on the Middle East for nearly half of its crude, two-thirds of its liquefied natural gas and almost all of its liquefied petroleum gas imports, making it one of the countries most exposed to the crisis in the region. Earlier this month, Modi said he spoke to Pezeshkian as India looked for ways to secure the safe passage of tankers through the Strait of Hormuz.

Surging oil prices and acute gas shortages are rippling through India’s economy as the Iran war drags on, disrupting industries and prompting analysts to cut growth forecasts while warning of rising inflation. The disruption has triggered a cooking gas crisis affecting households, hotels and restaurants, while industries that rely on LPG are shutting down operations.

Bloomberg

Iran reportedly tells UN it’s ready to co-operate in Strait of Hormuz

By Adam Carey

Iran is ready to co-operate with the International Maritime Organisation to improve maritime safety and protect seafarers in the Gulf, the Iranian representative to the UN maritime agency said.

Ali Mousavi reportedly said the Strait of Hormuz remained open to all shipping except vessels linked to “Iran’s enemies”, adding that passage through the narrow waterway was possible by co-ordinating security and safety arrangements with Tehran.

Ships in the Strait of Hormuz earlier this month.AP

“Diplomacy remains Iran’s priority. However, a complete cessation of aggression as well as mutual trust and confidence are more important,” Mousavi was quoted as saying by the semi-official Mehr news agency on Sunday, adding that Israeli and US attacks against Iran were at the “root of [the] current situation in Strait of Hormuz”.

Bloomberg

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Israel counts cost of Iranian strikes on two towns

By Adam Carey

Iran’s ballistic missile strikes on the Israeli towns of Arad and Dimona on Saturday injured 175 people, with 36 still in hospital on Sunday, according to a report by The Times of Israel.

Residential buildings in the southern Israeli region were badly damaged in the strikes.

People look at residential buildings damaged by an Iranian missile strike in Arad, southern Israel, on Sunday.AP
A man surveys the damage in Arad on Sunday.AP

A mass casualty event was declared at Soroka hospital. Among the injured were a 12-year-old boy and a five-year-old girl, both reported to be in serious condition.

Israel is reportedly investigating how its air defence systems failed to intercept some of Iran’s missiles.

The town of Dimona is next to an Israeli nuclear facility.

Disruption to fertiliser supplies risks pushing up global food prices

By Adam Carey

The war in the Middle East has created major disruptions to global supplies of nitrogen-based crop nutrients. Now a potentially bigger threat is emerging in another important part of the fertiliser market.

The focus since the conflict began has been on urea, a key nitrogen fertiliser used on corn. Prices for the nutrient have surged as the war blocks shipments through the Strait of Hormuz, sending farmers scrambling to procure supplies. What’s been largely overlooked in the chaos is the risk to phosphate fertilisers – key for crops such as soybeans, a cornerstone of food production.

Reduced sulphur supply could push up the prices of soybeans, a cornerstone of the global food market.Bloomberg

The Middle East accounts for about a fifth of global trade for three key phosphate products, according to the Fertiliser Institute. But almost half of the world’s supply of sulphur – which is turned into sulphuric acid for the processing of phosphate fertiliser – comes from countries in the Middle East vulnerable to disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz.

The effects along the supply chain could start to be exponential if the conflict continues for much longer, once producers work through existing sulphur and sulphuric acid reserves, said Andy Hemphill, who covers sulphuric acid markets for commodity pricing platform ICIS.

Japan contemplates mine sweeping blockaded Strait of Hormuz

By Adam Carey

Japan could consider deploying its military for mine sweeping in the Strait of Hormuz, a vital artery for global oil supplies, if a ceasefire is reached in the US-Israeli war on Iran, Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi said on Sunday.

“If there were to be a complete ceasefire, hypothetically speaking, then things like mine sweeping could come up,” Motegi said during a Fuji TV program.

Japanese Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi says the country would consider mine sweeping the Strait of Hormuz.AP

“This is purely hypothetical, but if a ceasefire were established and naval mines were creating an obstacle, then I think that would be something to consider.”

Japan’s military actions are limited under its postwar pacifist constitution, but 2015 security legislation allows Japan to use its Self-Defence Forces overseas if an attack, including on a close security partner, threatens Japan’s survival and no other means are available to address it.

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Peter FitzSimons speaks with Kate Geraghty after visit to Lebanon war zone

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The Sydney Morning Herald’s chief photographer, Kate Geraghty, has just returned from assignment in Lebanon with this masthead’s Europe correspondent, David Crowe.

Geraghty, a Gold Walkley award-winning photographer, has covered dozens of wars since travelling to East Timor in the late 1990s.

She is interviewed by columnist and author Peter FitzSimons here, in a profile that includes several of her brilliant photos from the current and previous conflicts.

Destroyed residential buildings in Tyre’s Abbassiyeh district, southern Lebanon.Kate Geraghty

Iran threatens retaliatory strikes if energy facilities are attacked

By Adam Carey

Iran has reportedly warned the US and Israel that any attacks on its energy facilities would prompt retaliatory strikes.

“If Iran’s fuel and energy infrastructure is attacked by the enemy, all energy and information technology infrastructure and desalination plants belonging to the United States and the Israeli entity in the region will be targeted,” the Iranian military’s operational command was quoted as saying in a statement reported by Iranian state media and other outlets, including the Associated Press and the Times of Israel.

US President Donald Trump threatened to “obliterate” Iranian power plants early on Sunday (AEDT).

“If Iran doesn’t FULLY OPEN, WITHOUT THREAT, the Strait of Hormuz, within 48 HOURS from this exact point in time, the United States of America will hit and obliterate their various POWER PLANTS, STARTING WITH THE BIGGEST ONE FIRST!” he said on his Truth Social platform.

Reports emerge of explosions near major power plant east of Tehran

By Adam Carey

Iranian blogger Vahid Online has reported a number of explosions around the suburbs of Tehran and in nearby city Damavand, which is home to one of Iran’s biggest power plants.

“Based on the flood of messages received around 3:42, extremely terrifying explosions were felt in the west and east of #Tehran,” Vahid posted on social media.

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Vahid posted video footage claimed to be multiple explosions in Damavand.

According to Associated Press, Damavand, about 78 kilometres east of Iranian capital Tehran, is home to a power plant with a capacity of 2868 megawatts, almost triple the capacity of the country’s sole nuclear plant in Bushehr, on Iran’s southern coast.

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