All we know five days after the Bondi terror attack

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Here is everything we know on the fourth day of mourning, following the Bondi terror attack that claimed 15 innocent lives and injured dozens more. We’ll update this story as we learn more.

What is the death toll and how many people remain injured?

As dusk approached on Sunday night, two gunmen shot dozens of bullets into crowds at Bondi Beach, where the Jewish community was celebrating the start of Hanukkah at the Chanukah by the Sea festival.

Fifteen victims have died in what NSW Police Commissioner Mal Lanyon declared a terrorism incident. Their ages ranged from 10 to 87. As of 8am on Friday, 15 people remain in hospital, with four people in a critical but stable condition and 11 in stable condition. Patients continue to be discharged from hospital but may return for care, NSW Health said.

The two gunmen are father and son, 24-year-old Naveed Akram and 50-year-old Sajid Akram. The older man died at the scene while his son was critically injured and taken to hospital under police guard.

He awoke from a coma on Tuesday afternoon and declined to be interviewed by police, who charged him on Wednesday afternoon with almost 59 offences, including 15 counts of murder and committing a terrorist act. He remains under police guard and will be transferred to a jail when he is well enough.

Two police officers, Constable Scott Dyson and Probationary Constable Jack Hibbert, were injured and remain in hospital.

Ian Allwood, acting president of the NSW Police Association, said Dyson was in intensive care and potentially faced a months-long recovery.

Hibbert, 22, who has been in the police force for only four months, had been patrolling the Hanukkah celebration when the shooting began. He was shot in the head and shoulder, with his injuries resulting in a loss of vision in one eye.

Who were the victims?

The 13th victim was confirmed as father Boris Tetleroyd on Wednesday afternoon. He was at Bondi Beach with his son when the shooters opened fire. A fundraiser set up by his niece said the family has been left grieving the “sudden and violent” loss of Tetleroyd, who was the primary provider for his wife. His son is recovering in hospital.

Other confirmed victims include Dan Elkayam, Rabbi Eli Schlanger, Reuven Morrison, Alex Kleytman, Tibor Weitzen, Rabbi Yaakov Levitan, Peter Meagher, Marika Pogany, Edith Brutman and Boris and Sofia Gurman. Father-of-four Adam Smyth, 50, was identified on Thursday. He was walking at Bondi Beach with his wife Katrina when the couple found themselves in the midst of the “horrifying and devastating attack”, a family statement said.

The youngest innocent life lost was that of 10-year-old Matilda. Shortly before bullets began raining down, Matilda was pictured playing with animals at the petting zoo at the festival.

The first shooting victims’ funerals took place on Wednesday, with Rabbi Eli Schlanger and Yaakov Levitan farewelled.

The funeral for 87-year-old Holocaust survivor Alex Kleytman took place on Thursday morning in Woollahra. It was followed by the funeral for 10-year-old Matilda also at the Chevra Kadisha Memorial Hall where weeping could be heard. A procession then progressed to the cemetery where harrowing scenes unfolded, punctuated by the cries of Matilda’s mother, as the youngest victim’s body was prepared to be lowered into its grave.

They were followed by the funeral for grandfather Tibor Weitzen at the Chabad of Bondi synagogue. Weitzen died trying to shield a friend from the bullets.

Boris and Sofia Gurman’s funeral will be held at Chevra Kadisha on Friday.

On Wednesday, dozens of police officers, a police rescue vehicle and scores of mourners formed a cordon for the funeral of Schlanger. NSW Premier Chris Minns, Federal Opposition Leader Sussan Ley and former prime minister Scott Morrison were in attendance.

Who are the shooters, Naveed Akram and Sajid Akram?

The gunmen lived in Bonnyrigg in Sydney’s west with Naveed’s mother and two siblings.

Current intelligence suggests they acted alone, but Australian Federal Police Commissioner Krissy Barrett said this may change as the investigation continues.

It has since emerged that spy agency ASIO advised NSW Police that Naveed Akram had been associating with Islamic extremists well before police granted a gun licence to his father and accomplice, Sajid Akram, 50. Sajid was shot dead at the scene.

Sajid, who arrived in Australia on a student visa in 1998 and held a resident return visa. The fruiterer held a firearms licence for recreational hunting, legally possessed six guns – several of which were brought to Bondi – and was a member of a gun club, the police commissioner said.

Naveed, a recently unemployed bricklayer, was born in Australia. He was shot at the scene and taken to hospital in a critical condition.

The pair travelled to the Philippines in November and two Islamic State flags were found alongside improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in their car at Bondi Beach. The IEDs were seized, alongside several firearms. In the Philippines, they stayed for nearly a month in a hotel in Davao, the main city on the southern island of Mindanao, where Islamist militant groups, including Islamic State East Asia (ISEA), have had a presence. A hotel worker said they only went out for about an hour every day. Philippine officials said there was no evidence they trained with Islamist militants while in the country.

Naveed came to ASIO’s attention in 2019 after preaching with a group linked to a religious centre once tied to an Islamic State cell.

He was flagged by authorities around the time a cell of IS acolytes was discovered in Sydney’s west, multiple sources briefed on the Bondi shooting investigation confirmed.

Among those arrested was self-appointed commander of IS in Australia, Isaac el Matari, who plotted to carry out a terror attack in Sydney’s CBD.

Sources say Naveed moved in similar circles as Matari and other men charged, but was not deemed dangerous enough to warrant a criminal charge.

Police sources also told this masthead the Akrams had prepared a manifesto before the massacre.

Last weekend, the father and son told family they were heading on a fishing trip when, in fact, they were staying at a short-term rental in Campsie as they planned their attack. Counter-terrorism police seized two guns from the property.

Asked by journalists whether there was a failure of intelligence because the Philippines trip had not triggered alarm bells, Lanyon said “not at all”.

What do we know about the hero bystanders and police officers?

Footage has emerged showing a brave couple who died attempting to stop Sajid by tackling him as he emerged, armed and draped in the Islamic State flag, from a car parked on Campbell Parade.

They have since been identified as Boris and Sofia Gurman.

Earlier identified was hero Ahmed al Ahmed, who tackled and wrestled a long-arm rifle from one of the Bondi shooters. He was left seriously injured.

Through his immigration lawyer, the 44-year-old said that he would do it again, despite being “riddled with bullets”.

Ahmed is understood to have no experience with guns and was at Bondi to grab a coffee with his cousin, Jozay Alkanj, when the terror unfolded. Alkanj said Ahmed told him he was “going to die” and to tell his family he “went down to save people’s lives”.

Prime Minister Anthony Albanese and NSW Premier Chris Minns visited Ahmed at St George Hospital.

The moment a hero police officer gunned down Sajid has also appeared in footage circulating on social media.

On Wednesday, NSW Police identified the officer who shot Sajid as local detective Cesar Barraza. His shots are also believed to have wounded Naveed.

Minns responded to questions from journalists about security at the Hanukkah event and said suggestions police did not “live up to their responsibilities” should be rejected.

Another helpful bystander is a refugee, who rushed onto the footbridge while shots were being fired and kicked away a gun. He is facing imminent removal from Australia, his lawyer has revealed.

The man, originally from the Middle East and known as AB, “could be removed tomorrow”, according to human rights lawyer Alison Battison.

As this masthead reported, the man hopped out of a taxi and ran towards the footbridge, passing “really horrific carnage” on the way.

Where at Bondi Beach did the shooting take place?

Footage showed two men firing what appeared to be rifles from the pedestrian bridge linking Campbell Parade and Bondi Pavilion.

The map below shows where the incident unfolded within the broader context of Bondi:

What have people said about it?

Albanese condemned the “act of evil antisemitism” against Jewish Australians and “every Australian”, while Minns said hearts were bleeding for the Jewish community.

US President Donald Trump sent well-wishes to Albanese and Australians over the “terrible” and antisemitic shooting.

On Tuesday, former prime minister John Howard said the death toll would have been “infinitely bigger” if not for the landmark gun reforms his government introduced following the 1996 Port Arthur Massacre. He described Albanese’s “greatest failure” as not providing the “moral leadership” to denounce antisemitism.

AFP commissioner Barrett said the massacre was a “barbaric attack against Jewish Australians” and warned against misinformation that could fuel “retribution-type incidences”.

“Early indications point to a terrorist attack inspired by Islamic State … these are the alleged actions of those who have aligned themselves with a terrorist organisation, not a religion.”

Jewish Community Council of Victoria president Philip Zajac said that, in the many cases of hate he has seen on Melbourne’s streets, not one perpetrator has faced a single consequence, including criminal charges.

Co-chief executive of the Executive Council of Australian Jewry Alex Ryvchin feared that the “shredded” Jewish community may never recover.

Rabbi Mendel Kastel, chief executive of Jewish House, who lost multiple family members in the shooting, said it was easy to “become very angry” and “blame people”, but this was “not what this is about”.

Wentworth MP Allegra Spender said the profound and awful mass shooting was an attack on modern Australia and Australian values, telling Nine News the federal government should have done more in response to a report from Australia’s special envoy to combat antisemitism, Jillian Segal.

On Wednesday, former Prime Minister Tony Abbott criticised Labor’s antisemitism response, saying “there’s mostly been hand-wringing impotence” from every level of Australia’s leadership.

On Wednesday afternoon, former federal treasurer Josh Frydenberg called the Bondi shooting “the greatest stain on this nation” and warned of another attack if the Albanese government does not combat antisemitism. While speaking at Bondi, he made eight recommendations to the government to tackle antisemitism, including the establishment of a royal commission into antisemitism.

Waverley Council announced New Year’s Eve celebrations in Bondi have been cancelled following Sunday’s attack.

What next steps will authorities take?

On Thursday, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese announced legislative reforms “to crackdown on those who spread hate, division and radicalisation,” including a crackdown on “hate preachers”, and increasing penalties for hate speech promoting violence. Other reforms will include making hate “an aggravating factor in sentencing crimes for online threats and harassment”, and “developing a regime for listing organisations whose leaders engage in hate speech promoting violence or racial hatred”.

He also said the minister for home affairs would have new powers to cancel or reject visas for those who spread hate and division, and David Gonski, currently chancellor of the University of New South Wales, would lead a year-long taskforce to ensure the Australian education system prevents and tackles antisemitism. The government would continue to work through the recommendations of Jillian Segal’s reports.

Education Minister Jason Clare said the government would act to improve education in schools on antisemitism and the Holocaust. “Children aren’t born antisemitic. Children aren’t born racist, children aren’t born with hate in their hearts. This is something that’s taught. This is something that’s learned. There’s lots of things that we need to do to tackle and weed out antisemitism but what we do in education is an important part of that.”

On Friday, the government announced more than $42 million in mental health funding for those affected by the attack. Health Minister Mark Butler said the government was closely examining New Zealand’s response to the Christchurch massacre for approaches to long-term mental health support.

A few hours later, Anthony Albanese announced the government would implement a gun buyback scheme, similar to what the Howard government did following the 1996 Port Arthur massacre, to take “hundreds of thousands” of guns off the streets. There are four million firearms in Australia, which is more than there were before the last buyback.

Also on Friday, the Coalition continued its push for Prime Minister Anthony Albanese to recall parliament to pass urgent antisemitism laws, including to deport those who preach “radical Islam”.

Minns and Albanese have both vowed to strengthen gun laws. The National Firearms Agreement, established after the Port Arthur massacre will be renegotiated.

All states and territories have agreed to look at options to cap the maximum number of guns owned by one person, limit types of guns deemed legal and make Australian citizenship a condition of holding a gun licence.

Opposition Leader Sussan Ley on Thursday called on the prime minister to urgently recall the federal parliament.

“Today, I convened a shadow cabinet. After two years of inaction and failure, the Coalition has stepped up where the government didn’t. We call on the prime minister to immediately recall, bring back the parliament to pass legislation to eradicate antisemitism and to strengthen Australia’s counter-terrorism laws,” she told reporters in Sydney. “That can happen as early as next week. It should happen before Christmas.”

On Tuesday, Minns flagged changes that may allow police to use criminal intelligence, not just criminal records, to deny gun licences.

The Albanese government vowed to crack down on firearms imports, 3D printing and equipment that can hold large amounts of ammunition. A pledge was also made to eradicate antisemitism, hate, violence and terrorism.

On Wednesday afternoon, Minns announced he would recall parliament on Monday and Tuesday next week to deal with a bill to tighten gun laws.

Meanwhile, Lanyon promised a “very thorough and transparent investigation” into the massacre. He could not tell journalists when the first police officer arrived after the first shots were fired.

Police confirmed the joint counter-terrorism team had begun an investigation, led by NSW Police and including the Australian Federal Police, the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation and the NSW Crime Commission.

On Thursday afternoon, heavily armed police intercepted two cars with Victorian number plates in Liverpool in south-west Sydney. NSW Police Deputy Commissioner Dave Hudson said on Friday that no weapons were found in the cars and the police had “significant concern” about the vehicles’ travel towards Bondi. The men remained in custody under a Commonwealth warrant that expires at 7.30pm on Friday. Hudson said the men arrested had ideological connections to the two Bondi gunmen.

Victorian authorities are aiding the investigation into the men arrested in NSW on Thursday night, but there is “not enough information to speculate” what happened, the Victorian premier said.

On Thursday, AFP Commissioner Krissy Barrett reaffirmed earlier remarks she made about the motivation of Sunday’s attack, saying that it was not a question of religion but rather extremism.

“This was about extremism. This was [Islamic State] ISIS-inspired. We know ISIS distorts and corrupts Islam, which leads to radicalisation,” Barrett said.

Earlier, the federal government said it would look at strengthening migration laws to ensure those with antisemitic views could not visit or migrate to Australia.

Assistant Immigration Minister Matt Thistlethwaite said: “We’ll certainly look at the migration settings to make sure that no one who has antisemitic views comes to Australia, and migrates to Australia.”

Thistlethwaite said the government was working to adopt the remaining measures of special envoy to combat antisemitism Jillian Segal’s report, which was handed to the government in July.

More coverage on the Bondi terror attack

• Rolling coverage: Bondi shooting live updates

• An age of innocence was shattered on Sunday night – Sydney will not be the same again, writes Jordan Baker

• Moment by moment: How the horrifying attack unfolded

• The victims: Matilda, 10, is the youngest victim. What we know about the innocent lives lost so far.